La neumografia retroperitonealdirecta frente a otras técnicas radioloógicas de contraste negativo para la visualización del riñón en la especie canina

Proponemos el uso de una nueva técnica radiológica para la visualización de los riñones, la neumografia retroperitoneal directa, una técnica sencilla y segura, en la que se obtienen imágenes de gran calidad y que nos permite visualizar selectivamente uno o ambos riñones a partir de un único punto de insuflación. Desarrollarnos un modelo experimental en el que se compara esta técnica con la neumoperitoneografía y la neumografía retroperítoneal presacra, valorando la calidad de las imágenes, el grado de dificultad y la seguridad de las mismas.The use of a new radiological technique for kidneys visualization isproposed, the direct retroperitoneal pneumograpby; an easy and safe technique which gives high qua lity images, visualizing selectively one or both kidneys starting from only one insufflation point. An experimental model of comparison between the direct retroperitoneal pneumograpby, the pneumoperitoneograpby and the pararectal retroperitoneal neumography is carried out; estimating the images qua lity, the difficulty level and the security ofthis techniques

New dental simulator for microsurgical training preliminary overview

Objective: To present a new simulator designed at the Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre (Cáceres) which offers an integral, effective and viable training system that can be used for learning microsurgical techniques. Study design: A square methacrylate block was used. Animal jaws were fixed to the sides by means of butterfly screws. This block also has a drainage tube to facilitate the escape of fluids. Results: Excellent results were obtained using this simulator in microsurgical suturing training in dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Conclusions: We believe that this simulator is an essential component in microsurgical training. It is an ethically and morally valid training method with which various suturing techniques can be practised before using live animals and before applying these to daily clinical practice

The application of microscopic surgery in dentistry

The use of the microscope as a tool for practising Medicine, especially in surgical specialisations, has been established for decades. The microscope was first used in OdontologyDentistry back to the 1970s and 1980s, and was introduced more widely (although it was still far from being in general use) during 1990s. The purpose of this article is to describe the main applications of the microscope in OdontologyDentistry today, as well as providing odontologists and stomatologists, whether specialists or in general practice, with information about microscopic OdontologyDentistry for better patient care. This work also gives particular importance to matters needed to achieve the necessary manual dexterity to work in a magnified operating field using a surgical microscope (SM)

Construct and face validity of SINERGIA laparoscopic virtual reality simulator

Purpose Laparoscopic techniques have nowadays become a gold standard in many surgical procedures, but they imply a more difficult learning skills process. Simulators have a fundamental role in the formative stage of new surgeons. This paper presents the construct and face validity of SINERGIA laparoscopic virtual reality simulator in order to decide whether it can be considered as an assessment tool. Methods Twenty people participated in this study, 14 were novices and 6 were experts. Five tasks of SINERGIA were included in the study: coordination, navigation, navigation and touch, precise grasping and coordinate traction. For each one of these tasks, a certain number of metrics are automatically recorded. All subjects accomplished each task only once and filled in two questionnaires. A statistical analysis was made and results from both groups were compared with the Mann–Whitney U-test, considering significant differences when P ≤ 0.05. Internal consistency of the system has been analyzed with the Cronbach’s alpha test. Results Novices and experts positively rated SINERGIA characteristics. At least one of the evaluated metrics of each exercise presented significant differences between both groups. Nevertheless, all metrics under study gave a better punctuation to the executions accomplished by experts (lower time, higher efficiency, fewer errors. . .) than to those made by novices. Conclusion SINERGIA laparoscopic virtual reality simulator is able to discriminate subjects according to their level of experience in laparoscopic surgery; therefore, it can be used within a training program as an assessment too

Learning curves of basic laparoscopic psychomotor skills in SINERGIA VR simulator

Purpose: Surgical simulators are currently essential within any laparoscopic training program because they provide a low-stakes, reproducible and reliable environment to acquire basic skills. The purpose of this study is to determine the training learning curve based on different metrics corresponding to five tasks included in SINERGIA laparoscopic virtual reality simulator. Methods: Thirty medical students without surgical experience participated in the study. Five tasks of SINERGIA were included: Coordination, Navigation, Navigation and touch, Accurate grasping and Coordinated pulling. Each participant was trained in SINERGIA. This training consisted of eight sessions (R1–R8) of the five mentioned tasks and was carried out in two consecutive days with four sessions per day. A statistical analysis was made, and the results of R1, R4 and R8 were pair-wise compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Significance is considered at P value <0.005. Results: In total, 84.38% of the metrics provided by SINERGIA and included in this study show significant differences when comparing R1 and R8. Metrics are mostly improved in the first session of training (75.00% when R1 and R4 are compared vs. 37.50% when R4 and R8 are compared). In tasks Coordination and Navigation and touch, all metrics are improved. On the other hand, Navigation just improves 60% of the analyzed metrics. Most learning curves show an improvement with better results in the fulfillment of the different tasks. Conclusions: Learning curves of metrics that assess the basic psychomotor laparoscopic skills acquired in SINERGIA virtual reality simulator show a faster learning rate during the first part of the training. Nevertheless, eight repetitions of the tasks are not enough to acquire all psychomotor skills that can be trained in SINERGIA. Therefore, and based on these results together with previous works, SINERGIA could be used as training tool with a properly designed training program

Aportación al estudio del dominio del Temple de Huesca

Estudio de la Encomienda de la Orden del Temple de Huesca durante la Plena Edad Media a través del análisis del sistema administrativo implementado por la orden religiosa-militar en esta zona de la Península Ibérica

Aportación al estudio del dominio del Temple de Huesca

Estudio de la Encomienda de la Orden del Temple de Huesca durante la Plena Edad Media a través del análisis del sistema administrativo implementado por la orden religiosa-militar en esta zona de la Península Ibérica

Aportación al estudio del dominio del Temple de Huesca

Estudio de la Encomienda de la Orden del Temple de Huesca durante la Plena Edad Media a través del análisis del sistema administrativo implementado por la orden religiosa-militar en esta zona de la Península Ibérica